HIV-related plasmablastic lymphoma causing extensive bone destruction in the mandible.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of large B-cell lymphoma commonly associated with HIV infection. HIV-related PBL has a dismal prognosis. The aggressive clinical course of the disease may lead to the development of rapid-growing swellings, like several benign and malignant conditions. Herein, we reported the case of a 38-year-old woman with a painful swelling in the mandible initially diagnosed as an abscess derived from a tooth extraction. Intraoral examination revealed a painful swelling with reddish, white and purplish areas in the posterior region of the mandible without signs of infection. Imaging exams showed an extensive bone destruction in the left mandibular body. Histopathological examination revealed a high proliferation of plasmacytoid cells with nuclear hyperchromatism. Tumor cells were negative for CD20, and positive for Ki-67, CD138, IgG and lambda chain. The diagnosis of oral PBL was defined and serological test showed positivity for HIV. Eight months after starting treatment, the patient died due to complications of cancer treatment. Lymphoproliferative malignancies related to HIV infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of rapid-growing swellings in the oral cavity.

Assessment of the knowledge of canalis sinuosus amongst dentists and dental students: An online-based cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Canalis sinuosus (CS) is a neurovascular canal that corresponds to a small branch of the infraorbital canal. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge and detection performance of CS amongst dentists and dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-hundred and five dentists and dental students answered a questionnaire with three parts: 1. Socio-demographical; 2. Clinical cases with cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections showing CS and 3. Previous knowledge about CS. The chi-squared test and Spearman's correlation test were used to compare results as appropriate. p-values below .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Most participants did not identify CS in any CBCT. There was an association between the number of correct answers and dental specialties. Most individuals had not learned about CS previously. There was an association between past knowledge of CS and gender, highest academic degree, working environment, dental specialty and number of correct answers but not with age or experience in Dentistry. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that most dentists are not aware about CS and do not know how to diagnose it. Previous knowledge about CS positively influenced its identification in CBCT.

Influência de diferentes materiais obturadores endodônticos em imagens de TCFC: uma avaliação in vitro / Influence of different root canal obturation materials in CBCT imaging: an in vitro evaluation

Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou a influência de materiais obturadores endodônticos na produção de artefato de imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), por meio da análise de densidade de imagem em incisivos centrais e dentes pré-molares unirradiculares. Métodos: Os dentes foram submetidos a instrumentação endodôntica e divididos em cinco grupos: um grupo controle (sem preenchimento endodôntico) e quatro grupos teste, cada um preenchido por um material obturador endodôntico diferente (PulpCanal Sealer, AHPlus, Sealer26 e BCSealer). Após a aquisição da TCFC, as imagens foram avaliadas para determinar variações de tons de cinza nos três terços da raiz (análise objetiva). A segunda análise (subjetiva) comparou o grupo controle com dois dos grupos teste, em um processo randomizado. Resultados: Na análise objetiva, o Sealer26 e o BCSealer mostraram diferença estatística para valores mínimos, em comparação com outros materiais obturadores endodônticos, para dentes anteriores e posteriores. Para valores máximos, apenas o grupo controle diferiu estatisticamente dos grupos teste. Ao comparar os valores dos pré-molares e dos incisivos centrais em tons cinza pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa para os valores mínimos. Na análise subjetiva, para dentes anteriores e posteriores, o PulpCanal Sealer foi o material mais frequentemente apontado pelos observadores como aquele que produziu mais interferência de artefato. Conclusões: Os materiais obturadores endodônticos nos dentes posteriores apresentaram comportamento semelhante; somente o PulpCanal Sealer no terço apical apresentou diferenças estatísticas em relação aos demais grupos. Para os dentes anteriores, o BCSealer apresentou valores mínimos maiores em relação aos outros materiais obturadores endodônticos, o que poderia representar maior interferência do artefato (AU).

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of canal obturation materials in the production of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images artifact, by means of image density analysis and comparison between four materials in central incisors and monoradicular premolar teeth. Materials and Methods: The teeth were submitted to endodontic instrumentation and divided into 5 groups: one control group (no endodontic filling) and four test groups each one filled by a different endodontic sealer (PulpCanal Sealer, AHPlus, Sealer26 and BCSealer). After CBCT scanning, the images were assessed to determine grayscale variations in three root thirds (objective analysis). The second (subjective) analysis compared the control group with two of the test groups in a randomized process. Results: In the objective analysis, Sealer26 and BCSealer showed statistical difference for minimum values, in comparison with another sealers, for both anterior and posterior teeth. For maximum values, only control group differed statistically from test groups. When comparing premolars and central incisors grayscale values by ANOVA analysis, a statistically significant difference was found mainly for minimum values. At the subjective analysis, for both anterior and posterior teeth, PulpCanal Sealer was the filling most frequently appointed by the observers as the one that produced more artifact interference. Conclusion: Endodontic fillings at posterior teeth performed similar behavior. Only PulpCanal Sealer on apical third presented higher maximum values in relation to others groups, which could represent more white brands. For anterior teeth, BC Sealer performed higher minimum values in relation to other endodontic fillings, which could represent more dark bands (AU).

Radiographic examination in the diagnosis of a curious case associating odontoma to agenesis and supernumerary teeth / O exame radiográfico no diagnóstico de um caso curioso associando odontoma à agenesia e dente supranumerário

ABSTRACT Developmental disorders of human dentition may result in various abnormalities according to etiologic agents and the developmental period involved. The size, shape and number of teeth may be affected. Dental abnormalities can occur singly or in multiples in an individual and may or may not be associated with syndromes. Complementary radiographic examinations are valuable for diagnosis, especially in lesions that are asymptomatic and detected only through examination. The present study is intended to report a case of an incidental finding in panoramic radiography of an odontoma, a supernumerary tooth and permanent tooth agenesis in the same non-syndromic individual. According to the literature, the association of hypodontia and hyperdontia (called concomitant hypo-hyperdontia) is most common. The association of hyperdontia and odontoma is uncommon but still reported. However, regarding the association of hypodontia and odontoma no reports were found, as well as the association of the three pathologies.

RESUMO Os distúrbios de desenvolvimento da dentição humana podem resultar em diferentes anomalias dependendo do agente etiológico e do período do desenvolvimento acometido. O tamanho, a forma e o número dos dentes, dentre outros, podem ser afetados. Podem ocorrer isoladamente ou em conjunto num mesmo indivíduo, bem como estarem ou não associados a síndromes. Os exames radiográficos complementares são valiosos para o diagnóstico, sobretudo quando as lesões são assintomáticas e detectadas incidentalmente no exame. O presente trabalho relata o caso de achado incidental, em radiografia panorâmica, de odontoma, dente supranumerário e agenesia de dente permanente num mesmo indivíduo não sindrômico. Segundo relatos da literatura, a associação de hipodontia e hiperdontia, denominada hipo-hiperdontia concomitante, é a mais comumente encontrada. A associação de hiperdontia e odontoma é incomum, mas ainda é relatada. No entanto, a respeito da associação de hipodontia e odontoma não foram encontrados relatos, bem como da associação das três patologias.

Canalis sinuosus: An Anatomic Repair that May Prevent Success of Dental Implants in Anterior Maxilla.

Canalis sinuosus (CS) is a neurovascular canal that corresponds to a small branch of the infraorbital canal. It contains the anterior superior alveolar nerve and vessels, supplying the anterior maxilla. Despite having been described 81 years ago, CS is not recognized by many dental practitioners and may be the cause of unintended injuries during dental procedures. The aims of this study are to report a case of a patient who suffered pain due to exposure of the CS, to provide a comprehensive review of other CS cases that were challenging to diagnose, and to propose guidelines for preoperative examination of patients undergoing surgical procedures in the anterior maxilla. The review of the literature revealed six cases, in addition to the one presented here, of unintended or potential damage to CS. Five out of seven cases were related to dental implant placement and resulted in postoperative pain and/or paresthesia. The dental implant was removed in 4 out of the 5 cases. This study reinforces the importance of awareness of CS by dental practitioners and provides a protocol for the preoperative examination of the patient to prevent avoidable injuries to CS.

Maternal periodontitis decreases plasma membrane GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle of adult offspring.

AIMS: The fetal programming hypothesis suggests that intrauterine stimuli can induce metabolic changes in offspring, increasing the disease risk in adulthood. Periodontal disease may enhance serum cytokine levels. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been associated with reduced glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression, decreased protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate GLUT4 content, and Akt serine phosphorylation status in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle (GSM), glycemia, insulinemia and change in body weight in offspring of rats with periodontal disease. MAIN METHODS: Female Wistar rats were distributed into a control group (CN) and an experimental periodontal disease group (PD), in which a ligature was placed around the mandibular first molars. Seven days after ligature placement, both groups were mated with normal male rats. The ligatures remained throughout pregnancy until weaning, after which the male offspring were distributed into groups: CN-o, control rat offspring; and PD-o, periodontal disease rat offspring. The body weight from 0 to 75days of age was measured. At 75days, the glycemia, insulinemia, TNF-α levels, Akt serine phosphorylation, and GLUT4 content in the GSM were measured in the offspring. KEY FINDINGS: The PD-o group showed a low birth weight (LBW), unchanged glycemia, increased insulinemia, insulin resistance, increased TNF-α levels, decreased Akt serine phosphorylation status, and reduced GLUT4 content in the plasma membrane and translocation index after insulin stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE: Maternal periodontal disease causes LBW, insulin resistance, and alterations in the final stage of insulin signaling in the GSM of adult offspring.

Evaluation of the radiopacity of esthetic root canal posts.

UNLABELLED: The radiopacity of esthetic root canal posts may impair the assessment of their fit to the root canal when using radiographic images. This study determined in vitro the radiographic density of esthetic root canal posts using digital images. Thirty-six roots of human maxillary canines were assigned to six groups (N=6 per group): Reforpost (RP); Aestheti-Plus (AP); Reforpost MIX (RPM); D.T. Light Post (LP); Reforpost Radiopaque (RPR); and White Post DC (WP). Standardized digital images of the posts were obtained in different conditions: outside the root canal, inside the canal before and after cementation using luting material, and with a tissue simulator. Analysis of variance was used to compare the radiopacity mean values among the posts outside the root canal and among the posts under the other conditions, and the "t" unpaired test to compare the radiopacity between the posts and the dentin, and between the posts and the root canal space. There was no statistically significant difference in radiopacity between RP and RPM, and LP and WP. AP posts showed radiopacity values significantly lower than those for dentin. No statistically significant difference was found between posts (RP and AP) and the root canal space. A statistically significant difference was observed between the luted and non-luted posts; additionally, luted posts with and without tissue simulator showed no significant differences. Most of the cement-luted posts analyzed in this study were distinguishable from the density of adjacent dentin surfaces, allowing radiographic confirmation of the fit of the post in the canal. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The success of using esthetic root canal posts depends mainly on the fit of the post within the canal.[1] The radiopacity of a post allows for radiographic imaging to be used to determine the fit, an important factor in a clinical perspective.

A method for the geometric standardization of intraoral radiographs for long-term follow up of replanted teeth: a case report.

The interpretation of the set of radiographs taken during the follow-up period after tooth replantation might pose several difficulties, especially the inability to adequately reproduce the projection geometry of the exposures. This article describes a method for the geometric standardization of intraoral radiographs using a custom-made apparatus comprising a film-holder attached to an occlusal splint for the long-term follow up of dentoalveolar trauma. The method was applied in a patient who suffered an avulsion of the maxillary central incisors and had the teeth replanted after 4 h in saline storage. Endodontic treatment started 7 days after the trauma with changes of a calcium hydroxide intracanal medication every 15 days in the first 2 months and thereafter at 30-day intervals for 8 months. Root canal filling was carried out after this period. The radiographic exposures taken at the follow-up visits were standardized to identify the possible alterations during the repair process, such as root resorptions. A maxillary arch impression was made with alginate, and the model was cast in stone for fabrication of an acetate occlusal splint. The custom-made apparatus used for standardization of the radiographic exposures was fabricated by fixing a Rinn X-C-P film-holder and a 5-mm-long piece of 0.7-mm orthodontic wire to the occlusal splint with autopolymerized acrylic resin. Radiographs were taken at 4-month intervals, starting 10 months after replantation up to 76 months. The images were digitized and analysed using the Digora system. The length of the central incisors was determined to verify the reproduction of the projection geometry of the exposures and the orthodontic wire served to assess accuracy during length estimations in the radiographs. The method described in this article for geometric standardization of intraoral radiographs provided a consistent reproduction of the geometric exposure parameters, being indicated for use in the radiographic follow up of cases of dentoalveolar trauma.

Estudo longitudinal do sucesso clínico-radiográfico de dentes tratados com medicação intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio / Longitudinal study of clinical-radiographic success of teeth treated with calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing

Introdução: O tratamento endodôntico é de fundamental importância para abolir a infecção presente em dentes que apresentam necrose pulpar. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar clínica e radiograficamente a eficácia dos tratamentos de canais radiculares de dentes com lesão periapical crônica, efetuados pelos graduandos em Odontologia, da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - UNESP. Material e Método: Foram selecionados 100 pacientes que possuíam dentes com lesão periapical crônica para serem tratados. Após o preparo biomecânico, os canais radiculares receberam uma medicação intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio durante o período de 14 dias. Os canais radiculares foram obturados com cimento endodôntico à base de hidróxido de cálcio. Foi realizada a proservação por um período entre oito e 11 meses. Resultado: A análise dos resultados permitiu constatar a porcentagem de 78,46% dos casos com reparo total da lesão periapical e de 21,54% dos casos em que não houve evidências de reparo. Conclusão: Ocorreu reparo das lesões periapicais nos dentes tratados pelos graduandos da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - UNESP.

Introduction: Root canal treatment plays a fundamental role in abolishing infections in teeth showing pulp necrosis. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic efficacy of root canal treatment for teeth with chronic periapical lesions, which was performed by students of Undergraduate Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Campus Araçatuba - UNESP. Material and Method: We selected 100 patients who had teeth with chronic periapical lesions. After biomechanical preparation, the root canal receiving of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing during the 14 days. The root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealer. Follow-up examinations were performed for at least 8 months. Result: An analysis of the results showed total repair in 78.46% of the cases and no evidence of repair in 21.54% of the cases. Conclusion: Repair occurred in the teeth with chronic periapical lesions treated by students of Undergraduate Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Campus Araçatuba - UNESP.

A proporção plasma rico em plaquetas/enxerto ósseo autógeno pode influenciar o reparo ósseo de defeitos de tamanho crítico: um estudo radiográfico em calvária de ratos / The proportion platelet-rich plasma/particulate autogenous bone graft may influencebone healing in criticalsize defects: a radiographic study in rat calvaria

Introdução: Tem sido sugerido que enxertos ósseos associados ao Plasma Rico em Plaquetas (PRP) cicatrizam com maior densidade que os enxertos sem PRP. Contudo, esse resultado parece depender da proporção PRP/enxerto ósseo utilizada. Objetivo: O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar, radiograficamente, a influência da proporção PRP/enxerto de Osso Autógeno (OA) no reparo ósseo de defeitos de tamanho crítico (DTCs) criados cirurgicamente em calvárias de ratos. Material e método: Cinquenta ratos foram divididos em cinco grupos: C, OA, OA/PRP-50, OA/PRP-100 e OA/PRP-150. Um DTC de 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado na calvária de cada animal. No Grupo C, o defeito cirúrgico foi preenchido somente com coágulo sanguíneo. No Grupo OA, o defeito foi preenchido com enxerto de OA particulado. Nos grupos OA/PRP-50, OA/PRP-100 e OA/PRP-150, o defeito foi preenchido com enxerto de OA particulado associado a 50, 100 ou 150 µL de PRP, respectivamente. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 30 dias pós-operatórios. Imagens radiográficas padronizadas das calvárias foram obtidas com o sistema Digora (Soredex, Finlândia). As imagens foram avaliadas por três examinadores por meio de escores, que indicaram o percentual de radiopacidade dos defeitos. Os escores obtidos foram submetidos ao Teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05). Resultado: O Grupo C apresentou radiopacidade significativamente menor que os grupos OA, OA/PRP-50, OA/PRP-100 e OA/PRP-150 (p < 0,05). O Grupo OA/PRP-50 apresentou radiopacidade significativamente maior que os grupos OA/PRP-100 e OA (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Dentro dos limites deste estudo, pode-se concluir que a proporção PRP/enxerto de OA influencia a cicatrização de DTCs criados em calvárias de ratos.

Introduction: It has been suggested that bone grafts combined with platelet rich plasma (PRP) present greater density than bone grafts without PRP after healing process. However, this result may depend on proportion PRP/autogenous bone (AB) graft used. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze radiographically the influence of the proportion PRP/particulate autogenous bone (AB) graft on bone healing in surgically created criticalsize defects (CSD) in rat calvaria. Material and method: 50 rats were divided into 5 groups: C, AB, AB/PRP-50, AB/PRP-100 and AB/PRP-150. A 5 mm diameter CSD was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C the defect was filled by blood clot only. In Group AB the defect was filled with 0.01 mL of AB graft. In groups AB/ RP-50, AB/PRP-100 and AB/PRP-150 the defects were filled with 0.01 mL of AB graft combined with 50, 100 and 150 µL of PRP, respectively. All animals were euthanized at 30 days post-operative. Standardized radiographic images of the rat calvaria were obtained using Digora System (Soredex, Finland). The images were evaluated by three examiners using scores that indicated the percentage of radiopacity of the defect. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test, p <0.05). Result: Group C presented radiopacity significantly lower than groups AB, AB/PRP-50, AB/PRP-100 and AB/PRP-150. Group AB/PRP-50 showed radiopacity significantly greater than groups AB/PRP-100 and AB. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the proportion PRP/AB graft influences bone healing in CSD in rat calvaria.

Contaminação Microbiana das Soluções de Processamento Radiográfico: Risco de Infecção Cruzada / Microbial Contamination of Radiographic Developing and Fixing Solutions: Risk of Cross Infection

Objetivo: Avaliar a contaminação microbiana em amostras de revelador e fixador radiográficos água de processamento radiográfico, água do equipo odontológico e da fonte externa de água do consultório. Método: Amostras de 50 consultórios particulares e de 20 consultórios da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba-UNESP foram coletadas. As amostras foram submetidas à neutralização dos agentes inibitórios residuais e submetidas à pré-enriquecimento em água peptonada e caldo EVA e inoculadas em meios de cultura seletivos e não seletivos. O DNA nas amostras foi extraído e a presença de microrganismos superinfectantes foi avaliada por PCR. As diferenças na prevalência dos microrganismos nas amostras de soluções foram submetidas ao teste análise de variância de medidas repetitivas para dados categóricos, enquanto os testes de Qui-Quadrado e de Mann-Whitney foram utilizados para avaliar a existência de possíveis associações entre o número total de microrganismos heterotróficos e os protocolos de controle de infecção. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%.Resultados: Verificou-se que as amostras de fixador eram contaminadas em uma freqüência muito menor do que o revelador e água de processamento radiográfico, sendo que essa última mostrava microrganismos tipicamente originados da microbiota bucal e da pele humanas, bem como microrganismos freqüentemente encontrados na água do equipo odontológico. A contaminação da água de processamento foi menor em consultórios onde o invólucro da película radiográfica recebia desinfecção antes do processamento ou era recoberto com filme plástico. Adicionalmente, todas as amostras de água da fonte externa do consultório se mostraram potáveis.Conclusão: A utilização de barreiras filmes plásticos de proteção a película mostrou ser a melhor forma de reduzir a contaminação dessas soluções

Objective: To evaluate the microbial contamination in samples of radiographic developing and fixing solutions, radiographic processing water, dental unit waterlines and dental officeÆs external water supply. Methods: Samples of 50 private dental offices and 20 dental offices of the School of Dentistry de Araçatuba-UNESP were collected. The samples were subjected to neutralization of the residual inhibitory agents followed by pre-enrichment in peptone water and EVA broth and were inoculated in selective and non-selective culture media. The DNA of the samples was extracted and the presence of superinfectant microorganisms was evaluated by PCR. The differences in the prevalence of the microorganisms in the samples of the solutions were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance for category data, while the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the existence of associations between the total number of heterotrophic microorganisms and infection control protocols. The significance level was set at 5%.Results: Samples of radiographic fixing solution presented a remarkably less frequent contamination than radiographic developing solution and radiographic processing water. The latter exhibited microorganisms typically originated from the oral microbiota and human skin as well as microorganisms frequently found in dental unit waterlines. There was less contamination of radiographic processing water in the dental offices where the x-ray film packets were disinfected before processing or were covered by a plastic film. Additionally, all samples of dental officeÆs external water supply were drinkable.Conclusion: Covering the x-ray film packets with a plastic film protection barrier was proven the best manner to reduce the contamination of the evaluated solutions

Clinical and histopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young people: a descriptive study in Brazilians.

We retrospectively analysed the clinical and histological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a sample of Brazilian patients 45 years of age or less. Files from a single oral histopathological service were studied during the period 1990 to 2005 and the clinical data collected. The histological sections of the invasive part of each tumour were analysed and classified using the criteria of Bryne et al. A total of 46 patients were selected, 36 (78%) of whom were white; 38 (83%) were male; and the most common site was the floor of the mouth (n=14, 30%) followed by the tongue (n=13, 28%). Most selected patients used tobacco and alcohol, and 43 were diagnosed as having clinical stages III and IV disease. Nine of the tumours (20%) were well differentiated, 23 were moderately differentiated, and the rest (n=14) were poorly differentiated. The characteristics of this group suggest that oral SCC in young patients does not behave differently from the oral SCC found in the overall population.

Inter-relação cirurgião dentista e radiologista: sucesso no diagnóstico odontológico / Inter-relationship dentists and radiologists: success in the diagnosis odontologico

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação cirurgião-dentista e radiologista-odontólogo, visando à eficácia no atendimento ao paciente que necessita de exames por imagem para o diagnóstico e planejamento da conduta clínica. Os dados coletados de 176 questionários distribuídos a cirurgiões-dentistas, excluindo-se os radiologistas, foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente pelo programa Epi Info 6.04/2000. Dos profissionais entrevistados 54% tinham título de especialista, sendo as especialidades mais freqüentes dentística (23,3%) e ortodontia (17,5%). Quanto ao local de realização do exame radiográfico, 72,9% encaminham para centros especializados. A maioria dos entrevistados (70,7%) afirma possuir um bom relacionamento profissional com o radiologista. Existe um distanciamento dos cirurgiões-dentistas em relação à linguagem técnica utilizada no cotidiano do radiologista, sendo que a eficácia do exame radiográfico como auxiliar de diagnóstico pode ser maior quando existe uma adequada relação entre o profissional radiologista-odontólogo e os demais profissionais da classe odontológica.

The present study to objective to evaluated the professional relation between dentist and the odontological radiologist to the efficiency on treatment of patient who needs image for diagnostics exams to right clinical conduction. The final informations were obtained from a 176 questionnaires that were answered only by dentist surgeons. The radiologist was excluded of this study. These informations were statistically analyzed by Epi Info 6.04/2000 computer program. A total of 54% of the professionais has a specialist proficiency degree. The standart of proficiency more frequent was dentistry witer (23,3%) and orthodontia witer (17,5%). About the place that the radiographic exams were performed, 72,9% of the professionals refered to specialized sites. The most of the professionals (70,7%) informed that has a good professional relation with the radiologist. There is a distance on a technical language used daily by a radiologists and the dentist language. The effectiveness of the radiographic exam used as a way to greater the diagnosis could be better if the professional relation radiologist/dentist and the other professionals of the odontological class.

Lesão de células gigantes periférica: relato de caso / Peripheral giant cell lesion: a case report

Com maior incidência entre a terceira e a sexta décadas de vida e com discreta preferência pelo sexo feminino, a lesão de células gigantes periférica é comum na boca, acometendo tanto maxila como mandíbula e quase exclusivamente rebordo alveolar e gengiva. Apesar da etiologia obscura, acredita-se que o aparecimento dessas lesões esteja relacionado a fatores irritantes locais como raízes residuais, dentes mal conservados ou mal posicionados, cálculos dentais, restaurações com excessos proximais, próteses inadequadas, ou ainda corpos estranhos no sulco gengival. O diagnóstico depende da avaliação integrada entre os achados clínicos, radiográficos e histológicos. No presente relato, os autores descrevem um caso em paciente negra com 72 anos de idade, apresentando um nódulo gengival avermelhado de aproximadamente 1,5 cm de diâmetro na região vestibular de incisivo a canino inferiores esquerdos, com base séssil, limites nítidos, consistência flácida e indolor. Radiograficamente não se identificou alteração óssea na área. As hipóteses diagnósticas consideradas foram Lesão de Células Gigantes Periférica, Fibroma Cemento Ossificante Periférico e Hiperplasia Fibrosa, não se considerando o diagnóstico de Lesão do Hiperparatireoidismo pela ausência de sinais clínicos e radiográficos sugestivos da lesão. O diagnóstico definitivo foi conseguido após biópsia excisional em cuja análise microscópica se identificou presença de lesão osteofibrosa benigna com células gigantes (Lesão de Células Gigantes Periférica). O acompanhamento clínico pós-operatório evidenciou favorável reparação cicatricial da área operada

With larger incidence among the third and to sixth decades of life and with discreet preference for females, the peripheral giant cells lesion is common in the mouth, attacking as much maxilla as mandible and almost exclusively alveolar edge and gum. In spite of the obscure aetiology, it is believed that the emergence of those lesions is related to irritants local factor as residual roots, teeth badly conserved or badly positioned, dental calculus, restorations with excesses, inadequate prostheses, or still strange bodies in the gingival furrow. The diagnosis depends on the evaluation integrated among the clinical, radiographic and histopatological features. In the present report, the authors describe a case in black woman 72 years old, presenting a nodule red gingival of approximately 1,5 cm of diameter in the vestibular area of incisor to left inferior canine tooth, with large base of implantation, clear limits, painless and flaccid consistence. Radiographicaly didn't identify bony alteration in the area. The diagnosis hypotheses considered were Peripheral Giant Cells Lesion, Peripheral Cemento Ossifying Fibroma and Fibrous Hyperplasia, not being considered the diagnosisof Lesion of Hyperparathyroidism for the absence of suggestive clinical and radiographic signs of this lesion. The definitive diagnosis was gotten after biopsy in whose microscopic analysis identified presence of osteofibrous benign lesion with giant cells (Peripheral Giant Cells Lesion). The postoperative clinical accompaniment evidenced favorable repair of the operated area

Avaliação da densidade radiográfica de defeito periodontal em suínos utilizandoimagem digital / Evaluation of the radiography density of periodontal defect in pigs using digital image

A imagem digital tem sido utilizada como um importante recurso diagnóstico na Odontologia. A dificuldade no diagnósticodos defeitos de furca desperta particular interesse, visto que o tratamento está relacionado à extensão do defeitoósseo. Além da qualidade da imagem, a habilidade do observador é essencial para o diagnóstico. Recurso técnico comoa densidade poderia auxiliar na análise comparativa das imagens do mesmo defeito, entre os períodos de observação.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade radiográfica como auxiliar na determinação da extensão de defeitos defurca. Foram criados 24 defeitos de furca em dente birradicular mandibular de suínos, com profundidade crescente,numa seqüência de remoção óssea simulando envolvimento de furca grau I,II e III; sendo obtidas imagens digitais a cada passo. Determinou-se a média de densidade dos defeitos (inicial, grau I, grau II, grau III), num total de 96 imagens. Com os valores obtidos foi realizada análise de variância e teste de Tukey para comparação entre os graus de envolvimento de furca. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre os defeitos: inicial e grau I, II e III; grau II e III. Não houve diferença significativa apenas entre os defeitos grau I e II (p>0,05). A média de densidade para os grupos foi: inicial- 126,98; grau I - 112,52; grau II - 106,22; grau III - 80,63. Concluiu-se que a densidade radiográfica pode auxiliar na quantificação de defeito de furca, constituindo recurso adicional à habilidade do observador.

Análise da densidade óssea radiográfica de ratos submetidos ao alcoolismo crônico utilizando imagem digital / Radiographic bone density analysis of rats submitted to cronical alcoholism using digital image

O efeito do alcoolismo crônico sobre a densidade óssea é pouco compreendido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade óssea radiográfica de ratos submetidos ao alcoolismo crônico, utilizando o sistema de imagem digital Digora. Foram utilizados 20 animais (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), divididos em grupo controle e experimental. Os animais do grupo experimental receberam aguardente de cana-de-açúcar ad libitum em concentrações crescentes: 30% por 10 dias, 60% por 10 dias e aguardente pura por 40 dias. Todos os animais foram sacrificados após 60 dias. Foram obtidas imagens digitais dos fêmures direitos de cada animal e a densidade radiográfica mensurada no terço médio e côndilo do fêmur. Os valores obtidos foram analisados pelo teste t de Student e verificou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos controle e experimental no terço médio (p = 0,04) e côndilo do fêmur (p = 0,01). Estes resultados indicam valores de densidade óssea radiográfica reduzida no terço médio e côndilo do fêmur em animais submetidos ao alcoolismo crônico.

Radiopacity of restorative materials using digital images

The radiopacity of esthetic restorative materials has been established as an important requirement, improving the radiographic diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of six restorative materials using a direct digital image system, comparing them to the dental tissues (enamel-dentin), expressed as equivalent thickness of aluminum (millimeters of aluminum). Five specimens of each material were made. Three 2-mm thick longitudinal sections were cut from an intact extracted permanent molar tooth (including enamel and dentin). An aluminum step wedge with 9 steps was used. The samples of different materials were placed on a phosphor plate together with a tooth section, aluminum step wedge and metal code letter, and were exposed using a dental x-ray unit. Five measurements of radiographic density were obtained from each image of each item assessed (restorative material, enamel, dentin, each step of the aluminum step wedge) and the mean of these values was calculated. Radiopacity values were subsequently calculated as equivalents of aluminum thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences in radiopacity values among the materials (P<0.0001). The radiopacity values of the restorative materials evaluated were, in decreasing order: TPH, F2000, Synergy, Prisma Flow, Degufill, Luxat. Only Luxat had significantly lower radiopacity values than dentin. One material (Degufill) had similar radiopacity values to enamel and four (TPH, F2000, Synergy and Prisma Flow) had significantly higher radiopacity values than enamel. In conclusion, to assess the adequacy of posterior composite restorations it is important that the restorative material to be used has enough radiopacity, in order to be easily distinguished from the tooth structure in the radiographic image. Knowledge on the radiopacity of different materials helps professionals to select the most suitable material, along with other properties such as ...

A radiopacidade dos materiais tem sido valorizada como importante requisito, incrementando o diagnóstico radiográfico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, no sistema digital Digora, as densidades radiográficas de 06 materiais restauradores comparando-os aos tecidos dentais (esmalte e dentina), expressos em milímetros de alumínio (mm Al). Foram confeccionadas 05 amostras de cada material e três cortes de um molar extraído hígido (incluindo esmalte e dentina), com 2 mm de espessura, e um penetrômetro de alumínio com 09 degraus. Sobre cada placa óptica foram colocados amostras dos diferentes materiais, um corte do dente humano, o penetrômetro e a identificação, e feita a exposição utilizando um aparelho de raios X. Foram obtidas 05 medidas de densidade radiográfica de cada item avaliado (material restaurador, esmalte, dentina e degraus do penetrômetro de alumínio) em cada radiografia, e calculadas as médias destas medidas. A partir destas médias de densidade, foram calculados os valores da radiopacidade destes itens em mm de Al, em cada radiografia. Análise de variância (ANOVA) indicou diferença significante entre os valores de radiopacidade dos materiais (p<0.0001). A radiopacidade dos materiais restauradores avaliados foi em ordem decrescente: TPH, F2000, Synergy, Prisma Flow, Degufill, Luxat. Apenas o Luxat apresentou radiopacidade inferior ao esmalte e dentina. Um material não diferiu estatisticamente do esmalte (Degufill) e quatro apresentaram radiopacidade superior ao esmalte (TPH, F2000, Synergy, Prisma Flow). Portanto, faz-se necessária a avaliação de materiais restauradores disponíveis no mercado, proporcionando aos profissionais informações adicionais sobre os materiais restauradores que eles utilizarão.

Radiopacity of restorative materials using digital images%Radiopacidade de materiais restauradores utilizando imagens digitais

A radiopacidade dos materiais tem sido valorizada como importante requisito, incrementando o diagnóstico radiográfico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, no sistema digital Digora, as densidades radiográficas de 06 materiais restauradores comparando-os aos tecidos dentais (esmalte e dentina), expressos em milímetros de alumínio (mm Al). Foram confeccionadas 05 amostras de cada material e três cortes de um molar extraído hígido (incluindo esmalte e dentina), com 2 mm de espessura, e um penetrômetro de alumínio com 09 degraus. Sobre cada placa óptica foram colocados amostras dos diferentes materiais, um corte do dente humano, o penetrômetro e a identificação, e feita a exposição utilizando um aparelho de raios X. Foram obtidas 05 medidas de densidade radiográfica de cada item avaliado (material restaurador, esmalte, dentina e degraus do penetrômetro de alumínio) em cada radiografia, e calculadas as médias destas medidas. A partir destas médias de densidade, foram calculados os valores da radiopacidade destes itens em mm de Al, em cada radiografia. Análise de variância (ANOVA) indicou diferença significante entre os valores de radiopacidade dos materiais (p<0.0001). A radiopacidade dos materiais restauradores avaliados foi em ordem decrescente: TPH, F2000, Synergy, Prisma Flow, Degufill, Luxat. Apenas o Luxat apresentou radiopacidade inferior ao esmalte e dentina. Um material não diferiu estatisticamente do esmalte (Degufill) e quatro apresentaram radiopacidade superior ao esmalte (TPH, F2000, Synergy, Prisma Flow). Portanto, faz-se necessária a avaliação de materiais restauradores disponíveis no mercado, proporcionando aos profissionais informações adicionais sobre os materiais restauradores que eles utilizarão

Radiopacity of restorative materials using digital images.

The radiopacity of esthetic restorative materials has been established as an important requirement, improving the radiographic diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of six restorative materials using a direct digital image system, comparing them to the dental tissues (enamel-dentin), expressed as equivalent thickness of aluminum (millimeters of aluminum). Five specimens of each material were made. Three 2-mm thick longitudinal sections were cut from an intact extracted permanent molar tooth (including enamel and dentin). An aluminum step wedge with 9 steps was used. The samples of different materials were placed on a phosphor plate together with a tooth section, aluminum step wedge and metal code letter, and were exposed using a dental x-ray unit. Five measurements of radiographic density were obtained from each image of each item assessed (restorative material, enamel, dentin, each step of the aluminum step wedge) and the mean of these values was calculated. Radiopacity values were subsequently calculated as equivalents of aluminum thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences in radiopacity values among the materials (P<0.0001). The radiopacity values of the restorative materials evaluated were, in decreasing order: TPH, F2000, Synergy, Prisma Flow, Degufill, Luxat. Only Luxat had significantly lower radiopacity values than dentin. One material (Degufill) had similar radiopacity values to enamel and four (TPH, F2000, Synergy and Prisma Flow) had significantly higher radiopacity values than enamel. In conclusion, to assess the adequacy of posterior composite restorations it is important that the restorative material to be used has enough radiopacity, in order to be easily distinguished from the tooth structure in the radiographic image. Knowledge on the radiopacity of different materials helps professionals to select the most suitable material, along with other properties such as biocompatibility, adhesion and esthetic.

Relato de dois casos familiares de agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores / Report of two familial cases of agenesia of upper lateral incisors

Agenesia dental é uma anomalia caracterizada pela ausência congênita de dentes, desde que comprovada por meio de radiografias. A anodontia total, ausência completa de todos os dentes, decíduos e permanentes é rara e quase sempre está relacionada à sindrome da displasia ectodérmica hereditária. Na literatura encontram-se resultados divergentes quanto á frequência de envolvimento dos elementos dentários contudo há consenso quanto à redução dos dentes terminais de cada série. Na população brasileira, a hipodontia do incisivo lateral superior tem sido considerada, juntamente com a do segundo pré-molar, as mais frequentes agenesias dentárias. A etiologia da agenesia dental é predominantemente hereditária, embora possa ser resultante de mutações genéticas e da evolução filogenética natural do arco dental. O objetivo com este trabalho é relatar dois casos familiares de incisivos laterais superiores congenitamente ausentes, de acorrência uni e bilateral, com permanência do dente decíduo num dos casos e destacar a importância do diagnóstico precoce dessa anomalia para que medidas clínicas possam ser executadas em beneficio do paciente